The aim of the course is to give an outline account of the ways that different cultures have embodied their religious, moral and esthetic ideals in designed landscapes from early times to the present, as seen in examples from the four basic traditions of landscape design: Formal Eastern (Middle East/Muslim), Formal Western (European), Informal Eastern (Chinese/Japanese) and Informal Western (Anglo-American). It will be given over 2 terms with many illustrations, several from my travels, and will cite two or more major examples from each period.